How We Protect Our Chihuahuas' Health

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Chihuahuas may be small, but they deserve the same level of care and consideration as any large breed. While generally long-lived, Chihuahuas are not immune to inherited conditions. Without thoughtful screening and careful selection, these issues can impact quality of life, longevity, and temperament.

At AmigoReal, we conduct comprehensive health testing on every breeding dog. We go beyond the basics—testing with intent, guided by the breed’s known risks and our own high standards.

Dental Disease

Chihuahuas often have crowded teeth due to their small jaws. 

Without regular care, they are prone to:

• Bad breath and gum inflammation

• Difficulty chewing

• Retained baby teeth

• Tooth lose

We monitor bites closely and encourage families to maintain regular dental hygiene at home.

Patella Luxation

This condition affects the kneecap, causing it to move out of place. Signs may include:

• Hopping or skipping on a hind leg

• Lameness that comes and goes

• Bowed or turned-in rear legs

Early detection and thoughtful breeding help reduce the risk.

Tracheal Collapse

The trachea (windpipe) can weaken and collapse over time, particularly under pressure.
Signs may include:

• A dry, honking cough

• Noisy or wheezy breathing

• Coughing when excited or on lead

We advise using a harness rather than a collar for daily walks.

Heart Disease (Mitral Valve Disease)

One of the most common issues in older small dogs, this condition worsens over time. Signs include:

• Persistent coughing (especially at night)

• Fatigue on walks

• Laboured breathing

All breeding dogs are screened early and regularly for heart murmurs and abnormalities.

Eye Conditions

Inherited eye issues may include:

• Cloudiness or bluish tint in the eye

• Squinting or sensitivity to light

• Vision changes or discomfort

These are identified through annual eye exams by a certified specialist.

Hypothyroidism

An underactive thyroid affects coat, weight, and mood. Look for:

• Weight gain with no change in diet

• Lethargy or cold sensitivity

• Poor coat texture or thinning hair

We monitor thyroid function regularly as part of adult screening.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD)

This degenerative condition affects the femoral head in young dogs. Signs may include:

• Rear leg lameness

• Reluctance to jump or climb

• Pain when the hip is touched

Prompt vet intervention is critical, and breeding is avoided in affected lines.

Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)

A rare but serious neurological condition caused by fluid buildup in the brain. Signs may include:

• Dome-shaped or enlarged head

• Wide-set eyes or a blank expression

• Delayed development, seizures, or poor coordination

At AmigoReal, we focus on balance and type without exaggeration.

A Note on Fontanelles (Soft Spots)

It is normal for young Chihuahuas to have one or more soft spots on the skull, called fontanelles. These usually close with maturity, but it is also considered normal for a Chihuahua to retain a small fontanelle for life.

While an open fontanelle is not a health concern in itself, it does mean that part of the skull remains unprotected. Care should be taken to avoid trauma to the area, particularly during play or handling. The presence of a fontanelle is not indicative of hydrocephalus unless accompanied by other neurological symptoms such as poor coordination, wide-set eyes, or behavioural delays.

Caring for your Chihuahua goes well beyond health testing. Regular grooming, hygiene routines, and home maintenance all contribute to a longer, healthier, and more comfortable life. Chihuahuas may be low-maintenance in some ways, but good habits established early make lifelong care simple and stress-free.

Brushing

For long coats, brushing is essential to prevent tangles, mats, and debris buildup. Aim to brush your Chihuahua at least 3–4 times a week using a soft slicker brush or comb designed for fine coats. Focus gently on feathered areas behind the ears, under the legs, and along the chest and tail. Smooth coats require less brushing, but a once-a-week session with a soft bristle brush or grooming mitt will help lift dead hair, stimulate skin oils, and keep the coat glossy.

✦ Tip: Always make grooming a positive experience—use treats and a calm tone to reinforce relaxation and trust.

Bathing

Chihuahuas should be bathed every 4 to 6 weeks using a gentle, pH-balanced dog shampoo. Over-bathing can strip natural oils and cause dry, flaky skin. Be sure to rinse thoroughly to avoid residue that can cause irritation. Use a warm towel and low-heat dryer if needed, and ensure the ears are dried carefully after each bath.

✦ Tip: A soft facial sponge is great for cleaning around the eyes and muzzle.

Nail Trimming

Chihuahuas often have fast-growing nails that can cause pain, joint stress, or splayed toes if left too long. Trim every 2 to 3 weeks, using a quality clipper or grinder designed for small dogs. If you’re unsure or nervous, ask your vet or groomer for a demonstration—or have them trim during regular visits.

✦ Tip: If you hear clicking on hard floors, it’s time for a trim.

Ear Cleaning

Check ears weekly for wax, odour, or signs of redness. Clean only the outer ear using a cotton pad and a vet-recommended ear solution. Never insert cotton buds into the ear canal.

Dental Care

Chihuahuas are notoriously prone to dental disease, due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. Brush teeth at least 3 times per week using a dog-specific toothbrush and toothpaste. Add dental chews, vet-approved water additives, or routine scale-and-polish cleanings to support long-term oral health.

✦ Signs of dental trouble: bad breath, red gums, or reluctance to chew.

Eye Care

Use a damp cloth or pet-safe eye wipe to gently clean around the eyes, especially if your Chihuahua has prominent tear staining. Monitor for any signs of discharge, redness, squinting, or rubbing, which could indicate irritation or infection.

Paw and Pad Care

Inspect paw pads for dryness, cracking, or debris—especially after outdoor play. Use a dog-safe paw balm as needed to keep them soft and protected in both hot and cold weather.

✦ Tip: Keep the fur trimmed between paw pads to prevent slipping and matting.

Coat Maintenance

Long coat Chihuahuas should never be shaved. Their fur acts as insulation against both heat and cold. A tidy trim around the feet, ears, and sanitary areas is all that’s usually required.  Regular brushing keeps their flowing coat healthy and free from mats. If your dog participates in shows, avoid over-trimming to maintain natural breed type.

Parasite Control

Even indoor dogs require protection against fleas, ticks, and internal parasites. Work with your vet to establish a preventative schedule appropriate for your region.

Anal Gland Expression

Most dogs naturally express their anal glands during defecation. However, some Chihuahuas may need assistance. Signs include scooting, licking the rear, or an unpleasant odour.

This procedure should be done by a vet or professional groomer to avoid injury.

A Chihuahua raised with consistent grooming is cleaner, calmer, and easier to manage. These moments of care also offer a wonderful opportunity to bond. The earlier you begin, the more natural and enjoyable it becomes for you both.