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What We Test For, Why It Matters, and What to Expect from a Well-Bred Chihuahua
At AmigoReal, the health and wellbeing of our Chihuahuas is never left to chance. Informed, proactive care is the foundation of our breeding programme. On this page, you’ll find an overview of common health concerns in Chihuahuas, the steps we take to minimise risk through health testing and selective breeding, and what you should expect from a well-bred, well-raised Chihuahua.
Chihuahuas may be small, but they deserve the same level of care and consideration as any large breed. While generally long-lived, Chihuahuas are not immune to inherited conditions. Without thoughtful screening and careful selection, these issues can impact quality of life, longevity, and temperament.
At AmigoReal, we conduct comprehensive health testing on every breeding dog. We go beyond the basics—testing with intent, guided by the breed’s known risks and our own high standards.
All AmigoReal breeding dogs are screened for the following:
DNA Testing
We test for genetic conditions relevant to the breed to ensure no affected puppies are produced. This allows us to make informed breeding decisions and protect future generations.
Cardiac Screening
We check for congenital and age-related heart issues, including:
Heart health is essential for toy breeds and is part of our ongoing monitoring.
Eye Certification
Performed by a veterinary ophthalmologist, this screening checks for:
Routine checks help preserve vision and detect early signs of inherited issues.
Patella Luxation Evaluation
Loose or unstable kneecaps are common in Chihuahuas. We have each dog’s patellas evaluated by a vet to ensure proper alignment and stability.
Hip Dysplasia & Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD)
These are assessed via x-ray under anaesthetic during routine procedures (such as dentals) to minimise stress:
Thyroid Function (T4)
We test for hypothyroidism, which can affect fertility, energy, metabolism, coat quality, and behaviour.
Additional Monitoring
Dental Disease
Chihuahuas often have crowded teeth due to their small jaws.
Without regular care, they are prone to:
• Bad breath and gum inflammation
• Difficulty chewing
• Retained baby teeth
• Tooth lose
We monitor bites closely and encourage families to maintain regular dental hygiene at home.
Patella Luxation
This condition affects the kneecap, causing it to move out of place. Signs may include:
• Hopping or skipping on a hind leg
• Lameness that comes and goes
• Bowed or turned-in rear legs
Early detection and thoughtful breeding help reduce the risk.
Tracheal Collapse
The trachea (windpipe) can weaken and collapse over time, particularly under pressure.
Signs may include:
• A dry, honking cough
• Noisy or wheezy breathing
• Coughing when excited or on lead
We advise using a harness rather than a collar for daily walks.
Heart Disease (Mitral Valve Disease)
One of the most common issues in older small dogs, this condition worsens over time. Signs include:
• Persistent coughing (especially at night)
• Fatigue on walks
• Laboured breathing
All breeding dogs are screened early and regularly for heart murmurs and abnormalities.
Eye Conditions
Inherited eye issues may include:
• Cloudiness or bluish tint in the eye
• Squinting or sensitivity to light
• Vision changes or discomfort
These are identified through annual eye exams by a certified specialist.
Hypothyroidism
An underactive thyroid affects coat, weight, and mood. Look for:
• Weight gain with no change in diet
• Lethargy or cold sensitivity
• Poor coat texture or thinning hair
We monitor thyroid function regularly as part of adult screening.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD)
This degenerative condition affects the femoral head in young dogs. Signs may include:
• Rear leg lameness
• Reluctance to jump or climb
• Pain when the hip is touched
Prompt vet intervention is critical, and breeding is avoided in affected lines.
Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain)
A rare but serious neurological condition caused by fluid buildup in the brain. Signs may include:
• Dome-shaped or enlarged head
• Wide-set eyes or a blank expression
• Delayed development, seizures, or poor coordination
At AmigoReal, we focus on balance and type without exaggeration.
A Note on Fontanelles (Soft Spots)
It is normal for young Chihuahuas to have one or more soft spots on the skull, called fontanelles. These usually close with maturity, but it is also considered normal for a Chihuahua to retain a small fontanelle for life.
While an open fontanelle is not a health concern in itself, it does mean that part of the skull remains unprotected. Care should be taken to avoid trauma to the area, particularly during play or handling. The presence of a fontanelle is not indicative of hydrocephalus unless accompanied by other neurological symptoms such as poor coordination, wide-set eyes, or behavioural delays.
A well-bred Chihuahua should be healthy, confident, and true to type.
They should display:
They should be raised in a home environment that nurtures resilience, adaptability, and curiosity—giving them the confidence to handle new experiences. Whether destined for the show ring or the family sofa, a well-bred Chihuahua brings lasting joy through both form and character.
Caring for your Chihuahua goes well beyond health testing. Regular grooming, hygiene routines, and home maintenance all contribute to a longer, healthier, and more comfortable life. Chihuahuas may be low-maintenance in some ways, but good habits established early make lifelong care simple and stress-free.
Brushing
For long coats, brushing is essential to prevent tangles, mats, and debris buildup. Aim to brush your Chihuahua at least 3–4 times a week using a soft slicker brush or comb designed for fine coats. Focus gently on feathered areas behind the ears, under the legs, and along the chest and tail. Smooth coats require less brushing, but a once-a-week session with a soft bristle brush or grooming mitt will help lift dead hair, stimulate skin oils, and keep the coat glossy.
✦ Tip: Always make grooming a positive experience—use treats and a calm tone to reinforce relaxation and trust.
Bathing
Chihuahuas should be bathed every 4 to 6 weeks using a gentle, pH-balanced dog shampoo. Over-bathing can strip natural oils and cause dry, flaky skin. Be sure to rinse thoroughly to avoid residue that can cause irritation. Use a warm towel and low-heat dryer if needed, and ensure the ears are dried carefully after each bath.
✦ Tip: A soft facial sponge is great for cleaning around the eyes and muzzle.
Nail Trimming
Chihuahuas often have fast-growing nails that can cause pain, joint stress, or splayed toes if left too long. Trim every 2 to 3 weeks, using a quality clipper or grinder designed for small dogs. If you’re unsure or nervous, ask your vet or groomer for a demonstration—or have them trim during regular visits.
✦ Tip: If you hear clicking on hard floors, it’s time for a trim.
Ear Cleaning
Check ears weekly for wax, odour, or signs of redness. Clean only the outer ear using a cotton pad and a vet-recommended ear solution. Never insert cotton buds into the ear canal.
Dental Care
Chihuahuas are notoriously prone to dental disease, due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. Brush teeth at least 3 times per week using a dog-specific toothbrush and toothpaste. Add dental chews, vet-approved water additives, or routine scale-and-polish cleanings to support long-term oral health.
✦ Signs of dental trouble: bad breath, red gums, or reluctance to chew.
Eye Care
Use a damp cloth or pet-safe eye wipe to gently clean around the eyes, especially if your Chihuahua has prominent tear staining. Monitor for any signs of discharge, redness, squinting, or rubbing, which could indicate irritation or infection.
Paw and Pad Care
Inspect paw pads for dryness, cracking, or debris—especially after outdoor play. Use a dog-safe paw balm as needed to keep them soft and protected in both hot and cold weather.
✦ Tip: Keep the fur trimmed between paw pads to prevent slipping and matting.
Coat Maintenance
Long coat Chihuahuas should never be shaved. Their fur acts as insulation against both heat and cold. A tidy trim around the feet, ears, and sanitary areas is all that’s usually required. Regular brushing keeps their flowing coat healthy and free from mats. If your dog participates in shows, avoid over-trimming to maintain natural breed type.
Parasite Control
Even indoor dogs require protection against fleas, ticks, and internal parasites. Work with your vet to establish a preventative schedule appropriate for your region.
Anal Gland Expression
Most dogs naturally express their anal glands during defecation. However, some Chihuahuas may need assistance. Signs include scooting, licking the rear, or an unpleasant odour.
This procedure should be done by a vet or professional groomer to avoid injury.
A Chihuahua raised with consistent grooming is cleaner, calmer, and easier to manage. These moments of care also offer a wonderful opportunity to bond. The earlier you begin, the more natural and enjoyable it becomes for you both.
Chihuahuas may be compact, but they are brimming with energy, intelligence, and curiosity. Without proper outlets, that enthusiasm can turn into barking, chewing, or reactivity. The key to a happy, well-adjusted Chihuahua is balance—a mix of daily physical activity and mental enrichment, tailored to their size and personality.
Physical Exercise
Chihuahuas don’t need miles of running—but they do need consistent, age-appropriate exercise to stay healthy in body and mind.
Daily Walks
Two short, structured walks per day (15–30 minutes each) help regulate energy, stimulate the senses, and keep joints mobile. Use a well-fitted harness rather than a collar to protect the trachea.
Walks also provide opportunities for sniffing, socialising, and gentle exposure to the outside world.
Free Play
Let your Chihuahua move at their own pace in a secure, enclosed area. Whether it’s zoomies across the lawn, play bows with a friend, or chasing a fluttering leaf—free movement is healthy movement.
Indoor Play Ideas
• Fetch with soft toys
• Tug games
• Climbing up and down a padded stair ramp
• Chasing a flirt pole or wand toy (like a feather teaser for dogs)
• Hide-and-seek around furniture
Mental Stimulation
Mental fatigue is just as powerful as physical tiredness—and for many Chihuahuas, mental exercise is even more rewarding. Clever, curious dogs thrive on challenges, puzzles, and learning something new.
Basic & Advanced Training
Short, daily training sessions (5–10 minutes) using positive reinforcement can build:
• Basic manners (sit, down, stay, come)
• Ring confidence and stacking for show dogs
• Fun tricks (spin, shake, high five)
• Rally obedience or trick dog titles
Training isn't just about control—it's communication, enrichment, and a powerful way to bond.
Enrichment Activities
Here are fun, creative ways to keep your Chihuahua’s mind busy and body engaged:
Canine Parkour (Urban Agility)
A brilliant way to build strength and confidence using your environment. Try:
• Jumping onto low benches or steps
• Putting front paws on logs or stones
• Balancing along wide planks
• Going under, over, and around obstacles
Keep it low-impact and always reward confidence. This is excellent for both puppies and adults.
Mini Agility
Agility can be adapted for small dogs at home or in agility clubs:
• Tunnel running
• Low jumps
• Weaving through poles
• Target training (touch a spot with nose or paw)
Great for coordination, focus, and fun—especially for energetic or confident dogs.
Scent Games & Nosework
Let them use their nose!
• Scatter feeding in the grass
• Hide treats in muffin tins under balls
• Introduce beginner scentwork with essential oils or strong-smelling rewards
Sniffing calms the brain and builds natural confidence.
Food Puzzles & Lick Mats
• Kong toys filled with wet food
• Slow-feeder bowls
• Lick mats with goat yoghurt or peanut butter (no xylitol)
• Puzzle toys with sliders and compartments
These are especially helpful for crate training, alone time, or rainy-day boredom.
Socialisation & Real-World Exposure
Socialisation is more than just meeting other dogs — it’s about helping your Chihuahua experience the world calmly and confidently in a safe, structured way.
Introduce your Chihuahua to:
• A variety of surfaces (grass, gravel, lino, carpet)
• People of all ages, appearances, and voices
• Other vaccinated, friendly dogs
• Common sounds like vacuum cleaners, doorbells, traffic, and birds
Any reputable breeder will have already begun this process during the crucial early weeks. From 8 to 16 weeks, it’s important to continue building on that foundation — and socialisation should remain a gentle, lifelong practice. Always go at your dog’s pace and prioritise safety.
Every outing doesn’t need to be interactive. Simply watching the world in a calm, positive way is still meaningful learning.
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Nature Adventures
Even small dogs love to explore the natural world. Take them on:
• Walks in parks, bush tracks, or quiet beaches (on-lead)
• Picnics with a blanket and time to sniff around
• “Sniffaris” – walks where the only goal is sniffing and exploring
Always bring water, and watch for hazards like wasps, burrs, or larger dogs off-lead.
The Balanced Chihuahua
A Chihuahua that receives regular exercise and enrichment is more relaxed, focused, and emotionally resilient. Tired minds and tired muscles mean fewer behaviour issues, better sleep, and a stronger bond between you and your dog.
The information provided on this page is for general educational purposes only and is based on our experience as dedicated Chihuahua breeders. It is not intended to replace veterinary advice. If you are concerned about your dog’s health or notice any symptoms mentioned above, please consult a qualified veterinarian. Always seek professional guidance for diagnosis, treatment, and medical decisions.
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We invite you to take a look around and learn more about AmigoReal and our breeding philosophy.
If you feel we might be the right fit for your future companion, please check back toward the end of 2025 for updates.
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